Introduction
An ostomy can be a life-changing procedure, but understanding your specific type of ostomy is an important part of adapting to daily care.
Different ostomies are created for different medical reasons and can vary depending on the part of the intestine involved, how long the ostomy is expected to remain, and the structure of the stoma.
In this guide, we will explain the main types of ostomy and the differences between ileostomy, colostomy, temporary and permanent ostomy, as well as end and loop stomas.
What Is an Ostomy?
An ostomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new pathway for waste to leave the body through an opening on the abdomen.
During surgery, a section of the intestine is brought through the abdominal wall to create a stoma. An ostomy pouching system is then used to collect waste safely and comfortably.
Depending on the location and purpose of the surgery, ostomies can be classified in different ways:
- The part of the intestine involved
- Whether the ostomy is temporary or permanent
- The structure of the stoma
Understanding these differences can help people living with an ostomy, caregivers, and healthcare professionals better understand ostomy care needs.
Types of Ostomy Based on the Part of the Intestine Involved
The digestive system includes the small intestine and large intestine. The location where the stoma is created determines the type of intestinal ostomy.
The two most common types of intestinal ostomy are:
- Ileostomy
- Colostomy
Ileostomy
An ileostomy is created from the ileum, which is the final section of the small intestine.
Location
An ileostomy is usually located on the lower right side of the abdomen. However, the exact position depends on the surgical plan and individual anatomy.
Output Characteristics
Because the ileum is part of the small intestine, ileostomy output is usually:
- Softer or more liquid compared with colostomy output
- More frequent
- Contains digestive enzymes
Care Considerations
Ileostomy output may contain digestive enzymes that can irritate the skin if leakage occurs. Protecting the skin around the stoma is therefore an important part of ileostomy care.
Helpful care practices include:
- Making sure the skin barrier fits closely around the stoma
- Checking for leakage and skin irritation regularly
- Keeping the skin clean and dry when changing the pouching system
- Maintaining adequate fluid and electrolyte intake
Colostomy
A colostomy is created from the colon, which is the main part of the large intestine.
The colon includes several sections:
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
A colostomy may be created in different parts of the colon depending on the individual’s medical condition and surgical plan.
Location
Many colostomies are located on the lower left side of the abdomen, especially when created from the sigmoid colon. However, the exact location may vary.
Output Characteristics
Because the colon absorbs water from digestive contents, colostomy output is often:
- More formed compared with ileostomy output
- Softer or closer to normal stool consistency
- Less frequent in many cases
Care Considerations
People with a colostomy may benefit from:
- Maintaining a balanced diet
- Preventing constipation
- Developing regular bowel habits
- Monitoring changes in output patterns
Types of Ostomy Based on Duration
Ostomies can also be classified based on how long the stoma is expected to remain.
The two main categories are:
- Temporary ostomy
- Permanent ostomy
Temporary Ostomy
A temporary ostomy is created to allow part of the digestive tract to rest or heal after surgery or injury.
Common reasons for creating a temporary ostomy include:
- Protecting a surgical connection in the intestine
- Allowing damaged bowel tissue to recover
- Managing certain medical conditions or injuries
If healing progresses well and medical conditions are suitable, some temporary ostomies may be reversed through another surgery.
However, temporary does not always mean that reversal will happen. The final outcome depends on factors such as healing progress, overall health, and the healthcare team’s evaluation.
Permanent Ostomy
A permanent ostomy is created when normal bowel function cannot be restored or when part of the digestive system has been removed.
People with a permanent ostomy will need long-term stoma care.
However, a permanent ostomy does not mean that a person cannot enjoy a normal and active life.
With proper care, modern ostomy products, and professional support, many people with permanent ostomies continue to work, travel, exercise, and participate in daily activities.
Types of Ostomy Based on Stoma Structure
Ostomies can also be classified based on how the stoma is created during surgery.
The two common structural types are:
- End stoma
- Loop stoma
End Stoma
An end stoma is created when the intestine is divided, and the active end of the intestine is brought through the abdominal wall to form the stoma.
Characteristics
- Usually has one opening
- Primarily used for stool output
- May be temporary or permanent depending on the medical situation
Loop Stoma
A loop stoma is created when a loop of intestine is brought through the abdominal wall and opened to form the stoma.
Characteristics
A loop stoma usually has two openings:
- The proximal opening, which releases stool
- The distal opening, which may release mucus from the inactive section of bowel
The release of mucus from the distal opening is a normal function and does not necessarily indicate a problem.
Loop stomas are often created as temporary ostomies to allow the lower part of the digestive tract to heal.
Conclusion
Every ostomy is different. The type of stoma you have depends on your surgery, medical condition, and individual needs.
Understanding whether you have an ileostomy, colostomy, temporary ostomy, permanent ostomy, end stoma, or loop stoma can help you better understand your care routine.
An ostomy is a change in the way your body manages waste, but it does not define your life. With the right knowledge, care, and support, many people continue to live active and fulfilling lives.